Unit 2: Systems of Linear Equations and Inequalities

Topic 2

Solving Systems by Elimination

The elimination method is a way to solve a system of equations by adding or subtracting the equations so that one variable is removed (eliminated). This allows us to solve for the remaining variable.
For example:
{2x+y=10xy=4\begin{cases} 2x + y = 10 \\ x - y = 4 \end{cases}
If we add these two equations, yy is eliminated:
(2x+y)+(xy)=10+43x=14x=143.(2x + y) + (x - y) = 10 + 4 \Rightarrow 3x = 14 \Rightarrow x = \tfrac{14}{3}.
Then substitute x=143x = \tfrac{14}{3} back into one equation to find yy.

Core Skills

  • Line up equations vertically by variables and equal signs.
  • Decide whether to add or subtract to eliminate a variable.
  • Multiply one or both equations if coefficients need adjustment.
  • Always simplify and substitute back to check the solution.

Example 1: Direct Elimination

Solve the system:
{x+y=9xy=3\begin{cases} x + y = 9 \\ x - y = 3 \end{cases}
Step 1: Add the two equations to eliminate yy:
(x+y)+(xy)=9+32x=12x=6.(x + y) + (x - y) = 9 + 3 \Rightarrow 2x = 12 \Rightarrow x = 6.
Step 2: Substitute x=6x = 6 into x+y=9x + y = 9:
6+y=9y=3.6 + y = 9 \Rightarrow y = 3.
Final Answer: (6,3)\boxed{(6, 3)}

Example 2: Multiplying to Eliminate

Solve the system:
{3x+2y=16x2y=4\begin{cases} 3x + 2y = 16 \\ x - 2y = 4 \end{cases}
Step 1: Add the two equations to eliminate yy:
(3x+2y)+(x2y)=16+44x=20x=5.(3x + 2y) + (x - 2y) = 16 + 4 \Rightarrow 4x = 20 \Rightarrow x = 5.
Step 2: Substitute x=5x = 5 into x2y=4x - 2y = 4:
52y=42y=1y=12.5 - 2y = 4 \Rightarrow -2y = -1 \Rightarrow y = \tfrac{1}{2}.
Final Answer: (5,12)\boxed{(5, \tfrac{1}{2})}

Example 3: Multiplying Both Equations

Solve the system:
{2x+3y=123x+4y=17\begin{cases} 2x + 3y = 12 \\ 3x + 4y = 17 \end{cases}
Step 1: Multiply the first equation by 3 and the second by 2 to make the xx-coefficients match:
{6x+9y=366x+8y=34\begin{cases} 6x + 9y = 36 \\ 6x + 8y = 34 \end{cases}
Step 2: Subtract the second equation from the first:
(6x+9y)(6x+8y)=3634y=2.(6x + 9y) - (6x + 8y) = 36 - 34 \Rightarrow y = 2.
Step 3: Substitute y=2y = 2 into 2x+3y=122x + 3y = 12:
2x+6=122x=6x=3.2x + 6 = 12 \Rightarrow 2x = 6 \Rightarrow x = 3.
Final Answer: (3,2)\boxed{(3, 2)}

Key Takeaways

  • Use elimination when variables are already aligned or easy to match.
  • Multiply equations to create equal and opposite coefficients if needed.
  • Always check the solution in both equations.